Vitamins
Vitamin A supports retinal function and normal epithelial differentiation. Clinical correlation: Vitamin A deficiency may affect oral and respiratory epithelium as well as vision.
Biochemistry
12 notes
Notes 12
Cholestrol
HDL accepts cholesterol from peripheral cells. LCAT esterifies cholesterol, helping retain it within HDL particles for transport toward the liver and other pathways of elimination.
Fats
True Essential Fatty Acids (Must be obtained from diet): ◦ Linoleic acid (Omega-6) ◦ alpha-Linolenic acid (Omega-3).
Carbs
Non-Reducing Sugar: ◦ Sucrose (Table sugar — composed of Glucose + Fructose linked by an alpha-1,2-glycosidic bond).
Proteins
Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized in sufficient amounts by the body and must be supplied through the diet.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm. It can generate ATP without directly requiring oxygen, although the fate of pyruvate depends on cellular conditions.
Collagen
Collagen is a major structural protein of connective tissue, bone, skin, tendons, ligaments and the periodontal supporting tissues.
Glycogen
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) result from defects in enzymes responsible for glycogen synthesis or breakdown. They commonly affect the liver, skeletal muscle or both.
Lysosomes
Lysosomal storage diseases result from defects in lysosomal enzymes, activator proteins or transport mechanisms. Undegraded substrates accumulate in lysosomes and damage tissues.
Nutrition
Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient. Typical adult dietary patterns often derive approximately 45–65% of energy from carbohydrates, 20–35% from fats and 10–35% from protein.
Last Day Revision
Night blindness, xerophthalmia, Bitot spots. Beriberi, Wernicke–Korsakoff; TPP-dependent enzymes. Neuropathy, seizures, sideroblastic anemia; isoniazid association.
