| Hardness | Resistance to indentation |
| Strength | Ability to withstand applied stress |
| Toughness | Ability to absorb energy before fracture |
| Elasticity | Ability to recover original shape |
| Plasticity | Permanent deformation |
| Ductility | Ability to undergo tensile deformation |
| Malleability | Ability to undergo compressive deformation |
| Resilience | Energy absorbed within elastic limit |
| Brittleness | Fractures with little plastic deformation |
| Creep | Time-dependent deformation under constant stress |
| Fatigue | Failure under repeated cyclic loading |
| Translucency | Partial transmission and scattering of light |
