ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
Odontogenic cysts arise from tissues involved in tooth development.
| Broad group | Cyst | Key association / origin |
|---|
| Inflammatory odontogenic cysts | Radicular cyst | Non-vital tooth; most common inflammatory cyst |
| Residual cyst | Remains after extraction of causative tooth |
| Paradental cyst | Vital tooth; inflammatory; usually mandibular molar |
| Buccal bifurcation cyst | Vital mandibular first/second molar; children |
| Developmental odontogenic cysts | Dentigerous cyst | Associated with crown of unerupted tooth |
| Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) | Often posterior mandible/ramus; PTCH1; Gorlin syndrome |
| Lateral periodontal cyst | Lateral root surface of vital tooth |
| Botryoid odontogenic cyst | Multilocular variant of lateral periodontal cyst |
| Gingival cyst | Soft tissue; developmental |
| Glandular odontogenic cyst | Usually anterior mandible; can be aggressive |
| Calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst) | Calcifications; ghost cells |
| Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst | Often posterior mandible; associated with impacted 3rd molar |
| Eruption cyst | Soft tissue over erupting tooth |
| Odontogenic cyst of infancy | Gingival/alveolar cysts in infants |
NON-ODONTOGENIC / DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS
| Cyst | Typical location / association |
|---|
| Nasopalatine duct cyst | Incisive canal/anterior maxilla |
| Nasolabial cyst | Soft tissue of nasolabial fold |
| Median palatal cyst | Midline palate; rare entity |
| Median genioglossal/mandibular cyst | Historical/rare designation |
| Nasopharyngeal duct cyst | Posterior nasal/nasopharyngeal region |
| Epidermoid cyst | Floor of mouth/soft tissue |
| Dermoid cyst | Floor of mouth |
| Thyroglossal duct cyst | Neck, usually midline |
| Branchial cyst | Lateral neck |
PSEUDOCYSTS
These do not have a true epithelial lining, so technically they aren't true cysts.
| Pseudocyst | Typical location / feature |
|---|
| Simple/traumatic bone cyst | Usually posterior mandible; scallops between roots |
| Aneurysmal bone cyst | Expansile, blood-filled lesion; often younger patients |
| Stafne bone defect | Lingual posterior mandible below mandibular canal; static bone defect |
SYNDROME ASSOCIATIONS
| Syndrome | Classic dental/jaw finding |
|---|
| Gorlin–Goltz syndrome | ⭐ Multiple odontogenic keratocysts |
| Gardner syndrome | ⭐ Multiple osteomas + impacted/supernumerary teeth |
| Cleidocranial dysplasia | ⭐ Multiple supernumerary + unerupted teeth |
| Noonan syndrome | Multiple odontogenic abnormalities can occur |
| Marfan syndrome | Dental/skeletal abnormalities; not a classic cyst syndrome |
| Ehlers-Danlos syndromes | Periodontal/connective tissue manifestations |
| Neurofibromatosis type 1 | Jaw enlargement, osseous changes, impacted/displaced teeth |
| Cherubism | ⭐ Bilateral multilocular giant-cell lesions of jaws |
| Hyperparathyroidism | ⭐ Brown tumors; can mimic giant-cell lesions |
| Multiple endocrine neoplasia / related syndromes | Can have jaw lesions depending on syndrome |
| Peutz-Jeghers | Mucocutaneous pigmentation + GI polyps; not a classic jaw cyst syndrome |
